![]() ![]() But their opinions varied on the level of “arousal,” which refers in the study to the degree of calmness or stimulation evoked by a piece of music. “People from different cultures can agree that a song is angry, but can differ on whether that feeling is positive or negative,” said Cowen, noting that positive and negative values, known in psychology parlance as “valence,” are more culture-specific.Īcross cultures, study participants mostly agreed on general emotional characterizations of musical sounds, such as anger, joy, and annoyance. and Chinese study participants identified similar emotions - such as feeling fear when hearing the “Jaws” movie score - they differed on whether those emotions made them feel good or bad. Potential applications for these research findings range from informing psychological and psychiatric therapies designed to evoke certain feelings to helping music streaming services like Spotify adjust their algorithms to satisfy their customers’ audio cravings or set the mood. “We have rigorously documented the largest array of emotions that are universally felt through the language of music,” said study senior author Dacher Keltner, a UC Berkeley professor of psychology.Ĭowen and fellow researchers have translated the data into an interactive audio map where visitors can move their cursors to listen to any of thousands of music snippets to find out, among other things, if their emotional reactions match how people from different cultures respond to the music. The findings are set to appear this week in the online edition of the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. That’s essentially what our study has done,” said study lead author Alan Cowen, a UC Berkeley doctoral student in neuroscience. “Imagine organizing a massively eclectic music library by emotion and capturing the combination of feelings associated with each track. The upshot? The subjective experience of music across cultures can be mapped within at least 13 overarching feelings: Amusement, joy, eroticism, beauty, relaxation, sadness, dreaminess, triumph, anxiety, scariness, annoyance, defiance, and feeling pumped up. University of California Berkeley scientists have surveyed more than 2,500 people in the United States and China about their emotional responses to these and thousands of other songs from genres including rock, folk, jazz, classical, marching band, experimental and heavy metal. And “ooh là là!” best sums up the seductive power of George Michael’s “Careless Whispers.” Ed Sheeran’s “The Shape of You” sparks joy. and China respond to different genres of sounds. Credit: Graphic by Alan Cowen Music really is a universal language, according to a new study of how people in the U.S. Scientists mapped music samples according to the 13 key emotions triggered in more than 2,500 people in the United States and China when they listened to the audio clips. ![]()
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